SODIS in Winter Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SODIS in Winter - Lab Report Example The plastic bottles were then shaken for a period of twenty seconds followed by filling the bottles completely. One bottle was directly taken to the lab for the initial E.Coli count of the available raw water sample. The remaining eight bottles were labelled as 1, 1F, 2, 2F, 3, 3F, 4, 4F with the numbers on the bottles corresponding to the number of days of heat and sunlight exposure. In this case, F was used to mean foil. Then the F bottles were all wrapped in a foil in ensuring that the samples were prevented from receiving sunlight and thus limited to receiving heat. After being exposed in the heat in the first day, the one and 1F bottles were brought to the lab for purposes of carrying out a E.Coli analysis. This procedure was repeated for the second, third and fourth subsequent days of exposure. In this experimental set up the control experiments were water without the UV-A exposure or sunlight and water without heat or solar reflector. In essence, this was just but raw water sa mple Observations In this experiment the observation were noted following a certain chronological order. In the first day in which the experiment was carried out outside for a period of 2 hours and thirteen minutes, starting at 12.17pm extending to 2.30 pm with the conditions of the day characterized by a cloudy sky with light snow furries along with a little sun shine, it was such that from 1pm to13:40pm, a cling wrap was inserted on the opening in helping prevent snow from interfering with the solar reflector. It was observed that the cling wrap inside surface steamed up necessitating the removal of the cling wrap. In day two in which the experiment was carried out inside and behind glass given that snows were falling outside. In this second day of experiment, the experiment was carried out starting at 12.28 pm extending to 4.40 pm conditions being such that there was no direct sunlight or SNOWING. On day three of the experiment, the experiment was carried out behind glass. From 1 1 am extending to 1 pm, there was a cloudy sky. However, the experiment was not facing the sun’s direction since the direction of the sun could not be determined. From 1 pm extending to 1:30 pm light rain was observed and the experiment was halted at 3.30pm following heavy downfall. On the last day of the experiment, which was on day four, the experiment was carried out from 12:30pm extending to 4:30pm and it was behind glass given that it was slightly snowing outside. As was observed on this day, the bottles had a green/brown colouring sediment and was not attached on the plastic bottle, though as observed it was somewhat denser than water. Results The data wereplotted in table 1 Table 1showing number of E. Coli (in Colony-Forming Units or CFU) and the exposure time (sunlight and heat) for the SODIS Method Experiment E.Coli J+1 J+2 J+3 J+4 Traite UFC/100ml 202 95 96 18 Controle UFC/100ml 427 418 205 241 Discussion According to the graphical representation of the experimental results in F1 above, it was clear that the heat treatment group had fewer E. Coli relative to the raw water sample (control group). More evidently, the sunlight, as well as the treatment group h

Global Organizational Environment Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Organizational Environment - Article Example This is a reflective essay which summarises my learning experience gained through the entire model describing each of the sessions undertaken by me all through the course. One aspect has been chosen in each of the sessions’ and an academic journal has been selected which helped me to have a further detailed knowledge about the topics covered in each of the sessions. Session 1: Organizational form and purpose The first session of the module was meant to have an understanding about the various types of business concerns operating in different parts of the world and how they are governed. This session was a great learning experience for me that helped me to have a wide knowledge about different types of organisations, their primary motives or purposes, the concepts of corporate governance and stakeholders and the various ethical issues concerned with the business activities followed by the organizations. The concept of corporate governance and the problems related to the agency t heory was an interesting topic discussed in this session. Agency theory is one of the corporate governance theories which have marked significant importance in the recent years. Jensen and Meckling (1976) are commonly associated with the term agency theory as found in most of the existing literature. The journal named â€Å"A Survey of Corporate Governance† by Shleifer and Vishny (1997) helped me to know more about the issues related to corporate governance systems followed by different business organisations worldwide. It also helped to have knowledge about the concept of ownership concentration found in business concerns. Enron can be cited as one of the many examples related to an organisation which restored to unethical accounting practices because of the existing agency problems associated with the company. It is recorded as one of the major accounting scandals which have ultimately led to the downfall of Enron (Arnold, & Lange, 2004). Session 2: Transnational business a nd its role in contemporary society This session was aimed at having knowledge about the various roles played by transnational companies (TNCs) and how they have contributed to global trade. This session helped me to learn about the impacts of TNCs on the global trading environment, different types of internationalisation strategies followed by organisations, costs and benefits associated with free trade mechanism, and role of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organisation (WTO). Different types of internationalisation strategies followed by TNCs and other global organisations were of particular interest to me. Internationalisation is a process which is followed by organisations to expand their business outside their national boundaries and it can be achieved through various strategies followed by different firms. The journal named "Internationalization strategies for services" by Gronroos (1999) speaks about five types of internationalisation strategies that are followed by service organisations with their motives to establish their business abroad. Those internationalisat

Compare and contrast each of these four concepts, 1) Customer Care (2) Essay

Compare and contrast each of these four concepts, 1) Customer Care (2) Kaizen (3) Just-in-Time( 4)Total Quality Management - Essay Example Kaizen is a management approach to making an improvement in quality as well as maintaining it that emphasizes internally driven and fairly continuous assessments of possible causes of quality defects, after action which is aimed at improving quality. Quality is the meeting as well as more than what the clients expect. Quality will be gained by means of meeting client requirements. Success will be achieved if quality is well managed. Kaizen is the idea that an analysis of the process is the starting point rather than an analysis of the employee. Kaizen seeks to improve the process as oppose to blaming the employee for process flaws. Kaizen works under the basis that improvement comes by small incremental changes using the scientific method. Its main objective is to make changes and look at the results and then adjust them accordingly. This process makes Kaizen very flexible. It is moreover flexible in the sense that; large-scale preplanning and wide-ranging project scheduling are replaced by means of smaller experiments in perfection, which can be rapidly adapted as new improvements are recommended. Something that organizations can do to help improve overall effectiveness or efficiency is to conduct a kaizen. The more American definition is to look at all the processes involved and to look for ways to eliminate any types of waste that there might be. For example Toyota Corporation is a company that has taken part in various kaizens to help with their processes. Eaton Corporation has also conducted different kaizens in attempt to improve a number of their procedures that they have in place in a number of areas. If a company doesnt find ways to be efficient or effective, they will fall behind their competitors in their respective industries. It is extremely essential for companies to utilize any ideas or suggestions that the employees might have in order to turn out to be more effective or proficient. Continuous improvement or Kaizen as it is

Hezbollah(Party Of God) Terrorist organization (Lebanon) Research Paper

Hezbollah(Party Of God) Terrorist organization (Lebanon) - Research Paper Example They bore the brunt of the conflict between the Israeli’s and the PLO. As a result, Hezbollah was born initially as an organization and movement designed to oust the Israel’s and their allies from southern Lebanon. There are three main area of Lebanon that Hezbollah can operate from with relative safely. The first is the Beqaa Valley of Eastern Lebanon. This is the traditional home of most Lebanese Shia. It is an agrarian region with a high rate of poverty that borders Syria. Southern Lebanon bordering Israel is another area with a high concentration of Shia Muslims and is a safe haven for Hezbollah. The final geographic stronghold of Hezbollah is the slum area outside of Beirut. These slums grew as a result of the fighting in southern Lebanon during the Israeli invasion in the 1980’s. The founder of Hezbollah was Sheik Subhi Tufaili. He was educated in Iraq and there was exposed to Islamic Revolution ideology as presented by Shiite leaders from Iran. He brought these ideas to Lebanon and used them to attract disparate Shiite groups in Lebanon. From the joining of these groups, Hezbollah was born. Internal conflicts between Subhi Tufaili caused his ouster in the early 1990’s. Tufaili was upset that Hezbollah was willing to participate in elections in Lebanon. Replacing Tufaili was the current Secretary General Sheik Hassan Nasrallah. The initial purpose behind the formation of Hezbollah was the removal of Israeli troops from Lebanon. Shiite citizens were bearing the worst of the fighting from the casualties in the conflict between the PLO and the Israeli’s. Armed resistance to Israel and its allies was the central focus of Hezbollah from the start. Once the Israeli’s withdrew from Lebanon, Hezbollah began to take a more nuanced reason for their existence. They began to present themselves as an Islamist group working to spread the teachings of Islam to the world. They state that they want to show the world that Islam

What do you consider to be the core concepts of socialism as an Essay

What do you consider to be the core concepts of socialism as an ideology - Essay Example Despite the emergence of political and economic ideologies in various countries to initiate progressive change and uplift ordinary citizens from poverty, some leaders still practice dictatorship and absolute monarchy thus stunting their country’s growth and development. There are various core concepts of socialism that defines it as an ideology. For example, it has the economic system structured in way that workers participate in a collective means of production. This technique often adopts the social ownership means of producing goods and services while engaging in cooperative management for the benefit of the economy. Similarly, by being a social ownership, socialism deals with common ownership, cooperative enterprises and state ownership. Contrastingly, as a core concept of being an economic system, the socialist ideology focuses on market planning to ensure that institutions have a productive means of serving the interests of the citizen (Carter 2003, p. 110). On that note , socialism tackles different forms of economy under the concept of the economic system to find a balance with a capitalist state that usually fleeces its citizens through serious competitive machinations. There is the planned economy where the means of production is mixed with public ownership to permit distribution and coordination and also facilitate economic planning. This differs fundamentally with the defining features of capitalism because a planned economy has two forms of planning namely the centralized and decentralized planning. Consequently, to boost production, Marxists Leninists adopted the central planning to expand the economy. However, Trotskyites preferred the decentralized planning because they felt that it could be coordinated efficiently to serve all people and also support the local economic conditions. Under the concept of the economic system, socialism is also connected to the self managed economy where only autonomous units are allowed to conduct self-regula tion and other forms of decision making (Freeden et al 2013, p. 156). This model is exemplified by a cooperative economy that connects well with a free market economy unlike in the decentralized system in the planned economy. It equally encourages the application of computers in the management of economic units because it augurs well with the new generation of workers in participatory economics. Another core concept of socialism as an ideology is it being a political theory. In other words, it is both a political philosophy and a political movement unlike its counterpart, capitalism that is fundamental economic based. In that view, it aims for a socialist state where organizations and political parties are all socialist and hence connect to socioeconomic system. Karl Mark and Friedrich Engels remain its pioneer economic theorists who castigated capitalism for its obsoleteness and lack of sustainability to enable economies prosper in the 10th century. They argued that only socialism with the concept of a political theory would overcome the contradictions of capitalism by ensuring that the working class developed a consciousness to rebel against the wage slavery (Soborski 2013, p. 180). As a result a classless society would emerge and end capitalism with its inequalities particularly its grip on production by a few industrialists. The displacement of capitalism as a core concept was also manifested in giving

Hezbollah(Party Of God) Terrorist organization (Lebanon) Research Paper

Hezbollah(Party Of God) Terrorist organization (Lebanon) - Research Paper Example They bore the brunt of the conflict between the Israeli’s and the PLO. As a result, Hezbollah was born initially as an organization and movement designed to oust the Israel’s and their allies from southern Lebanon. There are three main area of Lebanon that Hezbollah can operate from with relative safely. The first is the Beqaa Valley of Eastern Lebanon. This is the traditional home of most Lebanese Shia. It is an agrarian region with a high rate of poverty that borders Syria. Southern Lebanon bordering Israel is another area with a high concentration of Shia Muslims and is a safe haven for Hezbollah. The final geographic stronghold of Hezbollah is the slum area outside of Beirut. These slums grew as a result of the fighting in southern Lebanon during the Israeli invasion in the 1980’s. The founder of Hezbollah was Sheik Subhi Tufaili. He was educated in Iraq and there was exposed to Islamic Revolution ideology as presented by Shiite leaders from Iran. He brought these ideas to Lebanon and used them to attract disparate Shiite groups in Lebanon. From the joining of these groups, Hezbollah was born. Internal conflicts between Subhi Tufaili caused his ouster in the early 1990’s. Tufaili was upset that Hezbollah was willing to participate in elections in Lebanon. Replacing Tufaili was the current Secretary General Sheik Hassan Nasrallah. The initial purpose behind the formation of Hezbollah was the removal of Israeli troops from Lebanon. Shiite citizens were bearing the worst of the fighting from the casualties in the conflict between the PLO and the Israeli’s. Armed resistance to Israel and its allies was the central focus of Hezbollah from the start. Once the Israeli’s withdrew from Lebanon, Hezbollah began to take a more nuanced reason for their existence. They began to present themselves as an Islamist group working to spread the teachings of Islam to the world. They state that they want to show the world that Islam

IT Manager Interview Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT Manager Interview Assignment - Essay Example In his present position as Senior Manager, Corporate Projects, he manages software development projects of all corporate clients. He heads a team of twelve project managers and other ICT professionals under him. 1. Ours is basically a software development company. We develop customized software for our clients. My job is to manage software development projects from our corporate clients. It is my responsibility to ensure that all projects for corporate clients are executed smoothly and delivered and implemented within deadline. I have to ensure quality of the end products and see that the product meets all the projected needs of the client. 2. Our projects involve software development. We develop web-based management information systems, inventory systems, monitoring systems and work flow systems. We also have to take up content development for all the information systems we develop. In fact, software development and content development has to go hand-in-hand for the successful development and implementation of any customized software product. This is one aspect that I try to communicate to all our clients. Keeping software development and content development apart can result in major mismatch between software and content in actual implementation. So we prefer to do customized software development simultaneously with the required content development for the software. We also take up web portal development for our corporate clients. Here, I would like to differentiate between software development and web content development. In software development we work purely for the development of a software-base information system on a definite development platform. The information system may be web enabled. In web portal development, it is an entirely web-based exercise where the entire effort is concentrated on keeping up the web presence. There is an essential difference in priorities. 3. Even though